FAX: 91-0172-744401,745078 E-mail: medinst@pgi.chd.nic.in Website. http.//pgimer.nic.in (Off.) .745062 Phone: PBX .747585 Ext.5555 Resi. : 746868/746688 POSTGRADUATE INSTITUTE OF MEDICAL EDUCATION AND RESEARCH, CHANDIGARH -160 012 (India) Prof. S.K. Sharma M.S., M.Ch. (Urology), F.A.M.S. Director Dated: 27.11.02 Sub.: Worldwide proficiency of health services in collaboration with United Nations Association of USA (UNA-USA) and WomensHealthSection.Com, and all countries willing to participate in the project. ******* Dear Dr. Luthra, Kindly refer to your communication dated 21st August, 2002 which reached me through Dr. (Mrs.) S. Kataria, Ex-Director General Health Services, UT, Chandigarh with respect to the above mentioned subject. I remember Dr. Kataria having discussed this issue with me last year also but somehow I was not able to write to you. I appreciate WomensHealthSection.com and United Nations Association of USA for their efforts in helping countries and institutions to build a teaching curriculum. We would be very much interested to be a part of this programme and I would wish that sometime when you are in Chandigarh, we could talk over this project along with the Head, Departments of Obstetrics & Gynaecology and Psychiatry, PGI. It was pleasure to know that you are ex-postgraduate student of this Institute and it would be our pleasure to associate with you for the betterment of any teaching programme for the Institute. With regards, Yours sincerely, (S.K. Sharma) Dr. Rita Luthra, MD Director, Women’s Health & Education Center, 300 Stafford Street, Suite 265, SPRINGFIELD, MA 01104, USA.Read More

Chairman, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology St. Elizabeth’s Medical Center Boston, MA (USA) Education: Graduated from Harvard College, 1952-56 Served in United States Navy (Ensign-Lt jg), 1956-58 Boston University School of Medicine, 1958-62 Internship/residency surgery St. Vincent’s Hospital NY, NY, 1962-64 Ob/Gyn residency St. Vincent’s Hospital NY, NY, 1964-68 Experience: Clinical Professor of Ob/Gyn, Tufts University School of Medicine President, Obstetrical Society of Boston, 1999-2000 Chairman, Massachusetts Section ACOG, 1998-2002 Chairman, Department of Ob/Gyn, St. Elizabeth’s Medical Center, Boston MA St. Elizabeth’s Medical Center is devoted to women’s health care issues and welcomes projects related to safe motherhood from all over the world. Our residency program has residents from various countries and ethnic backgrounds. Our diversity is our strength.Read More

Date of Birth: 10 December, 1945 Military: United States Navy 1975-1977, Naval Hospital, Beaufort, S.C. Education: Union College, Schenectady, NY B.S. (Biology) 1966Albany Medical College, Albany, NY (M.D.) 1970Internship- Albany Medical Center Hospital 1970-1971Residency- Albany Medical Center Hospital 1971-1973Fellow- Infectious Diseases, Albany Medical College 1973-1975 Certified: National Board of Medical Examiners- 1971American Board of Internal Medicine- 1973 Licensed: New York, Massachusetts Professional Societies: American Society for MicrobiologyInfectious Disease Society of AmericaMassachusetts Infectious Diseases SocieryAmerican Foundation for Infectious DiseasesAmerican Medical AssociationOutpatient Intravenous Therapy AssociationH.I.V. Medical Association Affiliations: Chief of Infectious Diseases, Division of Internal Medicine, Mercy Medical Center, Springfield, MAClinical Assistant Professor of Medicine, Tufts University College of MedicineVisiting Instructor in Public Health, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 1989-1990Member, Division of Infectious Diseases, Baystate Medical Center, Springfield, MAConsultant in Infectious Diseases, Mercy Hospital, Springfield, MAHolyoke Hospital, Holyoke, MA, Noble Hospital, Westfield, MA, The Rehabilitation Hospital of Western Massachusetts, Ludlow, MAChairman, Infection Control: Mercy Hospital, The Rehabilitation Hospital of Western MassachusettsMedical Advisory Committee- Visiting Nurse Association of Holyoke Massachusetts Business: Medical Director, PROTOCARE of Massachusetts 1986-1997 Employment: Hampden County Medical Group, 1977-1979Springfield Medical Associates, 1979-1999Robert P. Hoffman MD, P.C. 1999- present Pharmaceutical Companies: Clinical Consultant in Infectious Diseases and H.I.V. Care: Merck, Hoffmann- LaRoche, Glaxo, Abbott, Agouron, Ortho-McNeil, Bristol Myers Squibb Recent Papers Presented: Current Issues in H.I.V./A.I.D.S.- March 7, 1999, West Springfield, MAInfections in Long Term Care- Western Massachusetts Hospital, Westfield, MA, June 2, 1999Cost-Effective Antibiotic Use- Mercy Hospital, Springfield, MA, June 8, 1999Salvage Therapy in H.I.V. Care- St. Petersberg, Florida, July 7, 1999OPAT in the Era of Managed Care- Mercy Hospital, Springfield, MA, September 9, 1999Salvage Therapy in Patients with Drug Resistant H.I.V.- Worcester, MA, October 7. 1999Antibiotic Associated Colitis and other Gastrointestinal Complications of Antibotic Use- Mercy Hospital, Springfield, MA, November 16,1999Influenza- What Is It and What Can We Do About It?- Springfield, MA, December 9, 1999Line Sepsis-How Do We Identify It, How do We Treat It?- Mercy Hospital, Springfield, MA, March 21, 2000African A.I.D.S.- Ugly Pictures in a Beautiful Setting- Mercy Hospital, Springfield, MA, October 10, 2000H.I.V. and the African American Community- Springfield, MA, March 5, 2001Community Acquired Pneumonia- applying Science to Practice-Springfield, MA; November 14, 2000Community Acquired Pneumonia- Mercy Hospital, Springfield, MA, May 12, 2001A Change of HAART- E. Longmeadow, MA, May 17, 2001CAP- A New Paradigm- Tufts Health Plan- October 19, 2001, Holyoke, MABioterrorism and the Physician- West Springfield, MA, Dec. 6, 2001AIDS in Africa- Sad Pictures in a Beautiful Place- Springfield, MA, February 6, 2002Less is More- A Change of HAART- Waterbury, CT, April 9, 2002 Symposia Moderated: Infectious Diseases Updated- 1983, Springfield, MAInfection Control Update- 1984, Springfield, MATopics in Infection Control- 1985, Springfield, MATopics in Infection Control- 1986, Springfield, MAHome Care in the ’90’s- High Tech and Compassion- Springfield, MAIntrroduction to Home Care- Hoffmann- LaRoche Home Health Services, Mahwah, NJ, February 22, 1989Antibiotics and Fever- April 4, 1990Common Infections: Contemporary Management Strategies-April 25, 1991Common Infectious Diseases- April 9, 1992. Springfield, MAQuality Assurance in Home Care- April 17, 1993, OPIVITA Conference, Chicago, IL Books Reviewed: Interpretation of Clinical Laboratory Data, American Society of Hospital Pharmacists, (ASHP), Bethesda, MD, 1990 Papers Published: “Quality Assurance of Protocare of Masasachusetts”, OPIVITA, Oct. 1991“Valuing Outpatient Management Services”, OPIVITA, December, 1991“Managed Care and the Infectious Diseases Specialist”, Clinical Infectious Diseases, Vol. 23, No. 2, August, 1996In Preparation: “Outcomes of H.I.V. Care in a Community Based Practice-1998-1999”Merck Protocol 094/CRX463 (Direct study)- A Study of the Effectiveness and Side Effects of Indinavir-Ritonavir Combination.Glaxo (Zorro study)- To Assess the Tolerability and Safety of Ziagen in H.I.V.-I Infected Individuals.Agouran AG1700-1170- A Study to Assess the Ability of Delaviradine to Improve Lipid Profiles in H.I.V. Infected Individuals. Textbooks: Handbook of H.I.V., Total Learning Concepts, Boston, MA 2002Read More

Administrative Title: Chief, Pathology Director, CytopathologyNew England Pathology Associates, P.C. Education: Undergraduate: Bates College, B.S., 1968 Medical School: University of Connecticut School of Medicine, M.D., 1976 Post Doctoral Training: Internships and Residencies: University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, Residency in APStrong Memorial Hospital 1976-1978 Residency in AP Hartford Hospital, Hartford, CT 1978-1979 Licensure and Certification: American Board of Medical Examiners- 1972 Massachusetts Medical License No. 44997- 10/79 American Board of Pathology (Anatomic Pathology)- 6/82 American Board of Pathology (Cytopathology)- 7/97 Academic Appointments: Assistant Professor (Clinical), Department of Pathology, Tufts University School of Medicine – March 2000 Hospital Appointments: 2002-Present Chief of Pathology Mercy Medical Center 2002-Present Director of Cytopath New England Pathology Associates, P.C. 1997-2002 Associate Pathologist Department of Pathology, Baystate Medical Center, Springfield, MA 1989-1992 Chief of Cytopathology Life Laboratories Mercy Hospital, Springfield, MA 1979-1988 Chief of Fine Needle Aspirates and AutopsyService Baystate Medical Center, Springfield, MA Awards and Honors: 1971 National Competition for Cytotechnologist Research (2nd) American Society of Cytopathology 1976 Outstanding Student in Pathology Univ. of Connecticut School of Medicine 1978 National Competition for Resident Research (2nd) American Society of Cytopathology 1979 Resident Research Competition (2nd) New England Cancer Society Professional Societies: 1992-Present American Medical Association 1992-Present Massachusetts Medical Association 1992-Present Hampden County Medical Society 1992-Present American Society of Cytotechnology 1992-Present New Hampshire/Vermont Society of Cytology 1996-Present American Pathology Foundation Committee Assignments in Professional Societies: Board of Trustees and Program Committee, American Pathology Foundation Major Research Interests: Cytopathology – Fine Needle Aspiration; Fluid-Based Monolayer Preparations Teaching Responsibilities: Faculty member of Baystate Medical Center Department of Pathology Residency Program and Cytopathology Fellowship Program responsible for teaching cytology and fine needle aspiration to senior Pathology residents and Cytopathology fellows. Research Support: 1. Title: A Multi-Center Clinical Trial to Demonstrate the Utility of the ThinPrep 3000© Processor™ for the Preparation of ThinPrep Slides Funding Agency: Cytyc Corporation Amount: $75,000 Role: Principal Investigator 2. Title: Multi-Center Trial Evaluating the Primary Screening Capability of the ThinPrep™ Imaging System Funding Agency: Cytyc Corporation Amount: $52, 000 Role: Principal Investigator Editorial Boards and Activity: Editor, APF Review (American Pathology Foundation) Military Service: 10/68-8/72 Unites States Army; Honorable Discharge Community Service: Chairman, Board of Health Ludlow, MA School Physician Ludlow, MA Bibliography: Articles 1. March DE, Walker MT, Bur M, Coughlin BF, Dziura B, Lorenzana R, Makari-Judson G: Touch-Preparation Cytology of Breast Core Biopsy Specimens: Accuracy in Predicting Benign or Malignant Core Histology, 1999; Acad Radiol 6(6):333-338. 2. Richard K, Dziura B, Hornish A: Cell Block Preparation as a Complementary Diagnostic Technique to Fluid-Based Monolayer Cervicovaginal Specimens, 1999; Acta Cytol 43(1):69-73. 3. Dziura B, Beith K: Improved ASCUS Diagnosis: Clinical and Financial Implication for Follow-up Care. OB GYN supplemental to Ob. Gyn. News, 1999. 4. Nicastri G, Reed W, Dziura B: The Accuracy of Malignant Diagnoses Established by Fine Needle Aspiration Cytologic Procedures of Mammary Masses. Surg Gynecol Obstet, 1991;72(6):457-60. 5. Dachs R, Clement RE, Dziura B, Berman J: A Paraprosthetic-Enteric Fistula Associated With A Duodenal Tumor. Ann Vasc Surg, 1990;4(1):65-8. 6. Dziura RB: Fine Needle Aspiration of the Lung: A Pathologist’s Perspective. J Thorac Imaging, 1987;2(2):49-51. 7. Dziura B: Fine Needle Aspiration of the Breast: Intraductal Hyperplasia vs Ductal Carcinoma. Acta Cytol, 1979;23(4):332-340. 8. Dziura B, Bonfiglio T: Needle Cytology of the Breast. A Quantitative and Qualitative Study of the Cells of Benign and Malignant Ductal Neoplasia. Acta Cytol, 1979;23(4)332-40. 9. Dziura B, Otis R, Hukill P, Goldblatt P, Damjanov I: Gastric Brushing Cytology: An Analysis of Cells From Benign and Malignant Ulcers. Acta Cytol, 1977;21(2):187-90. 10. Cooney W, Dziura B, Harper R, Nash G: The Cytology of Sputum From Thermally Injured Patients. Acta Cytol, 1972;16:433-437. Published Abstracts: 1. Dziura B: Comparison of the ThinPrep Pap With the Detection of Glandular Abnormalities. Acta Cytol, 1999;43(5):902. 2. Dziura B: Morphologic Evaluation of Increased Detection of High Grade SIL With the ThinPrep Pap. Acta Cytol, 1998;42(5):1241. 3. Dziura B: Evaluation of the Effect of the ThinPrep Pap on the Diagnosis of ASCUS and Its’ Financial Implications in Follow-Up Care. Acta Cytol, 1998;42(5):1244. Other: 1. Dziura B: Mediastinal Fine Needle Aspiration of Metastatic Nonsemenomatous Testicular Germ Cell Tumor. A.S.C.P. Check Sample, May, 1987. Invited Lectures/Presentations: 2001 Workshop: ASCUS and the ThinPrep Pap New Jersey Society of Cytology 2001 The ThinPrep Pap in the Detection of Gynecologic Malignancies Baystate Medical Center Cytopathology Seminar 2001 Advances in Cervical Cancer Screening Southern Main Medical Center Bangor, ME 2001 Advances in Cervical Cancer Screening New Haven Area OB/GYN New Haven, CT 2000 Workshop: Advanced Thin Prep Morphology Manchester, NH 2000 Workshop: Advanced Thin Prep Morphology Philadelphia, PA 2000 Workshop: Advanced Thin Prep Morphology Manchester, CT 2000 Workshop: Advanced Thin Prep Morphology Boston, MA 2000 Advances in Cervical Cancer Screening Newton Wellesley Hospital Newton, MA 2000 Advances in Cervical Cancer Screening Ann Arbor Area OB/GYN Ann Arbor, MI 2000 Advances in Cervical Cancer Screening Minneapolis/St. Paul Area OB/GYN St. Paul, MI 2000 Advances in Cervical Cancer Screening Tulsa Area OB/GYN Tulsa, OK 2000 Advances in Cervical Cancer Screening Rochester Area OB/GYN Rochester, NY 1999 Selling Anatomic Pathology Services to Physician Offices: Using the Pathologist on the Marketing Team. Executive War College on Laboratory and Pathology Management New Orleans, LA 1999 Marketing Anatomic Pathology to Physician’s Offices Executive War College on Laboratory and Pathology Management New Orleans, LA 1999 Fine Needle Aspiration Biopsy of Difficult and Unusual Breast Lesions Presented at the Vermont/New Hampshire Cytology Society Bartlett, NH 1999 An Employer’s Eye View of the Cytotechnology Graduate – What We are Looking for in a New Hire Society of Cytology Educators of the Northeast Pittsfield, MA 1999 ThinPrep Potpourri 16th Annual Baystate Medical Center Cytopathology Workshop Springfield, MA 1999 Advances in Cervical Cancer Screening Tulsa Area OB/GYN Tulsa, OK 1999 Advances in Cervical Cancer Screening Glens Falls Hospital Glens Falls, NY 1998 Advances in Cervical Cancer Screening Nashville Area OB/GYN Nashville, TN 1998 Cytomorphology in the Gynecologic ThinPrep Pap Present at the 15th Annual Baystate Medical Center Cytopathology Workshop Springfield, MA 1998 Advances in Cervical Cancer Screening Pittsburgh Area OB/GYN Pittsburgh, PA 1998 Advances in Cervical Cancer Screening Littleton General Hospital Littleton, NH 1998 Cell Block Preparation as a Complementary Diagnostic Technique to Fluid-Based Monolayer Cervicovaginal Specimens American Society of Cytopathology Nashville, TN 1993 The ThinPrep Experience in the Laboratory Baystate Medical Center Cytopathology Seminar 1991 The Use of Fine Needle Aspiration of the Breast in the Management of Nonpalpable Lesions 10th Annual State of the Art Cytopathology Seminar 1990 Fine Needle Aspiration of the Breast – Problems and Pitfalls New Hampshire/Vermont Society of Cytology 1987 Problems in Pulmonary Cytopathology Rhode Island Society of Cytology 1983, 1984, 1985 Workshop: Fine Needle Aspiration of the Lung American Society of Clinical Pathologists 1982, 1983, 1986 Workshop: Fine Needle Aspiration of the Lung Rhode Island Society of Cytology 1985 Workshop: Fine Needle Aspiration of the Lung Ohio Society of Cytology 1987 Fine Needle Aspiration of the Lung Maine Society of Cytology 1981 Cytology for Histotechs Connecticut Histology Society 1980 Workshop: Gynecologic Cytopathology Connecticut Society of Cytology 1979 The Causes of False Positive and Negative Diagnosis in Pulmonary Fine Needle Cytology New England Cancer Society 1978 Breast Needle Cytology: Intraductal Hyperplasia vs Ductal Carcinoma American Society of Cytology 1971 Sputum Cytology of Thermally Injured Patients American Society of CytologyRead More

Part I: General Information Office Address: Department of AnesthesiologyBrigham and Women’s Hospital,75 Francis Street,Boston, MA 02115 Email: bskodali@bics.bwh.harvard.edubhavani@capnography.combhavani@painfreebirthing.com Education: 1976 – M.B.B.S JIPMER, University of Madras, India 1981 – MD JIPMER, University of Madras, India(Anesthesiology) Postdoctoral training: 1977 Compulsory rotating Internship, Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research (JIPMER), Pondicherry, India 1978-81 Anesthesia resident, JIPMER, India 1993-94 Internship at MetroWest Medical Center, Framingham, MA, USA 1994-95 Anesthesia Resident, Brigham and Women’s Hospital,Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 1996-98 Anesthesia Resident, Brigham and Women’s Hospital,Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 1994-1995 1996-1998 Clinical Fellow in Anaesthesia, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 1998 Fellow in Obstetric Anesthesia, (6 months)Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA. Licensure and Certification: 1978 Full Medical practice license in India 1982 Full Medical practice license in Guyana 1983 Full Medical practice license in Barbados 1992 ECFMG certification 1993 FLEX certification 1996 Commonwealth of Massachusetts, Board of Registration and Discipline in Medicine 1999 American Board of Anesthesiology Certification Academic Appointments: 1981-82 Senior Registrar, JIPMER, Pondicherry, India 1986-93 Associate LecturerUniversity of West Indies, Barbados September 1998 – December 1998 Instructor of AnaesthesiaHarvard Medical School. Boston, MA January 1999 –December 2002 Assistant Professor of Anaesthesia Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 2003 – Associate Professor of AnaesthesiaHarvard Medical School, Boston, MA Hospital or Affiliated Institution Appointments: 1981-82 Senior Resident in Anesthesiology,JIPMER, Pondicherry, India 1982 – 1983 Anesthesiologist, McKenzie Hospital,Guyana Mining Enterprise,Linden, Guyana, South America 1983 – 1985 Senior Registrar in Anesthesia,Queen Elizabeth Hospital,Barbados, West Indies 1985 – 1993 Attending Anesthesiologist,Queen Elizabeth Hospital,Barbados, West Indies 1995 – 1996 Attending Anesthesiologist,Queen Elizabeth Hospital,Barbados, West Indies 1998 Staff Anesthesiologist,Brigham and Women’s Hospital,Boston, MA Major Administrative Responsibilities: 1982-1983 Chief of Intensive Care Unit.Linden Hospital,Guyana Mining Enterprise Hospital,Guyana, South America 1989-1993 Senior Consultant,Queen Elizabeth Hospital,Barbados, West Indies Major Committee Assignments: Guyana Mining Enterprise Hospital, Linden, Guyana 1982-1983 Intensive Care Committee.Chief person responsible for establishing a four bed Intensive Care Unit at Linden, Guyana, South America. Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Barbados, West Indies 1988 – 1993 Intensive Care Nurses training Committee – Teacher/Examiner 1988 – 1993 Advisor to the Hospital Equipment Purchase Committee (Anesthesia) 1987 – 1993 Advisor to the Committee responsible for refurbishing operating rooms and establishment of Intensive Care Unit under World Bank loan in Barbados. 1985 – 1993 Advisor for recruiting personnel to the Department of Anesthesia from Overseas Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA 2000- Transfusion Committee Member, Brigham and Women’s Hospital,Boston, MA National Committee Appointment: 2002- Appointed by the President Elect of American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) to the Subcommittee on Equipment, Monitoring, and Engineering Technology to oversee the implementation of the goals of the Society. Professional Society Involvement: 1978 – 1993 Indian Society of Anaesthetists, Member 1983 – Barbados Society of Anaesthetists; Member 1985 – National Association of Critical Care Medicine, India; Member 1987 – 1994 Association of Anaesthetists of Gr. Britain and Ireland; Member 1994 – American Society of Anesthesiologists; Member 1994 – International Anesthesia Research Society; Member 1994 – Massachusetts Society of Anesthesiologists; Member 1998 – Society of Obstetric Anesthesia and Perinatology; Member Community Service Related to Professional Work: Barbados 1984 Medical Coordinator for First International Barbados Marathon run. Member of emergency medical team providing emergency care to participants of initial events of “International Marathon runner” competition in Barbados. Emergency care was necessary for several visitors who were extensively dehydrated due to lack of acclimatization to tropical climate. In later years, better acclimatization by the participants to tropical climate, and training of emergency physicians to provide care, did not require anaesthesia group participation 1992 Key participant in Public EducationParticipated in a short video film on “Educating the public regarding Anaesthesia”, produced by Government Information Service of Barbados, 1992. This TV program was televised on the Island’s television network twice so far. Editorial Boards: 1996 – Consultant Reviewer: Capnography related articles for “Anesthesia and Analgesia” 2001 Guest Editor: “Anesthesia And Analgesia” 2002 – Reviewer for Capnography related articles for “Anesthesiology” 2002 – Appointed as referee to “European Journal of Anaesthesiology” 2002 – Appointed as referee to “Postgraduate Medicine” Awards and Honors: 1981 Indian Society of Anaesthetists (Pondicherry Branch) medal for outstanding anesthesia resident 1992 British Journal of Anesthesia International Scholarship for the year 1992 1997 Foundation of Anesthesia Education and Research (FAER) scholar 1997 2002 ‘Awards in Excellence” presented by the Faculty of Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative Pain Medicine for outstanding contribution 2002 “Special Award” presented by the “Postgraduate Assembly in Anesthesiology” for exhibit entitled “Education in the new millennium” at the Annual Meeting held in New York, December 6th – 10th, 2002 Part II: Clinician Scholar Ladder A: Narrative Report of Clinical Practice: In Guyana, South America Intensive Care Unit in Guyana: In addition to providing anesthesia for routine operating room surgeries, established a four bed intensive care unit for Guyana Mining Hospital, Linden, Guyana, South America. This unit was declared open by Ministerial representative of Government of Guyana in 1982. The unit was under my care during my tenure in Guyana. Patients with serious mining injuries, respiratory insufficiency and coronary patients benefited from this service. In Barbados: Pivotal role in the development of Anesthesia Department at Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Barbados. Provided anesthesia care for routine and emergency cases at the government owned 650 bed QEH (A teaching affiliate of University of West Indies, 6000-7000 operations/year, a referral hospital for a million population from Anguilla in the north to Grenada in the south.). I was an active member of the team responsible for refurbishing operating rooms and purchasing monitoring equipment, as well as establishing an ICU (Project undertaken with World Bank Loan). I was a key member of the group responsible for training ICU nurses required to staff the unit. In addition to routine anesthesia and teaching responsibilities, I was also instrumental in developing an anesthesia auditing program to keep track of anesthesia disposable items. Such a program was found to be necessary to prevent acute and unexpected shortage of imported disposable items in the island. In addition, I also designed and organized clinical research studies in capnography utilizing available limited resources. Furthermore, studies were also conducted in areas specific to third world developing nations such as; anesthesia without nitrous oxide (nitrous oxide is expensive); suitability and cost effectiveness of providing oxygen from oxygen concentrators to meet the demands of the hospital; and methods to prevent condensation of water in air pipelines due to excessive humidity. The development of the anesthesia department in Barbados was the focus of my special article published recently. Brigham and Women’s Hospital: As a fellow in Obstetric anesthesia, I was a team leader in assigning day to day clinical responsibilities to residents in the labor and delivery section as well as operating room division. In addition, I was actively involved in the provision of anesthesia care to high risk obstetric patients as well as patients requiring In-vitro-fertilization. At the conclusion of obstetric anesthesia training, I was appointed as staff anesthesiologist at Brigham and Women’s Hospital. Major responsibility includes provision of anesthesia care (sub-specialty) to obstetric patients. Brigham and Women’s being a high risk obstetric referral center, a substantial number of patients fall into high risk category requiring anesthesia care during delivery. Recently, a new dimension to obstetric anesthesia care has been added, which is providing care to patients undergoing in-uterus fetal surgery. In addition to subspecialty care of obstetric anesthesia, a portion of time is spent in providing anesthesia care in main operating rooms, which includes general surgical, thoracic and vascular patients, as well to patients out side of main operating room in areas such as in MRI and CT scan. As a member of transfusion committee, I am actively involved with other members in revising and implementing several policies in compliance with JACHO to enhance safety of transfusions in various circumstances. B. Short Report of Research That Contributes to Care of Patients Primary Research interest: Capnography Clinical research is centered on capnography, thromboelastography and obstetric anesthesia. Clinical research in capnography extends over a period of 16 years resulting in publication of original papers, review articles, case reports and correspondences on capnography. The main area of clinical research in capnography is on arterial to end-tidal carbon dioxide differences in pregnancy, including those during laparoscopic surgery. I suggested a standard terminology for time capnography and highlighted current limitations of this important monitoring device. This terminology has been included in most text books including “Nunn’s Respiratory Physiology”. I also review papers on capnography as a consultant to editorial board of Anesthesia and Analgesia as well as guest editor to ‘Anesthesiology’. Achieved the status of ‘Guest Editor” for Anesthesia and Analgesia in the year 2002. I am committed to educating colleagues and residents as well as students in capnography via my participation in grand rounds and day to day clinical teaching. I produced a multimedia on capnography using computer software for teaching purposes. ‘Ohmeda’ (Datex-Ohmeda Inc, Manufacturer of anesthesia equipment, anesthesia machines and capnographs) considers my article entitled “Capnometry and Anaesthesia” an important teaching material for anesthesiologists, customers and employees of Ohmeda. Web Based Education: Site on Capnography.com: A website on capnography has been designed, produced and maintained without external sponsorship to provide a complete review on end-tidal carbon dioxide monitoring during anesthesia and intensive care. This site uses several animations designed to explain underlying physical and physiological concepts of capnography in addition to highlighting clinical applications. The purpose of this site is to fulfill my long standing goal of developing an easily accessible educational site on capnography. This is an “All-In-One” on capnography. This site has attracted several good reviews: (Approximate time spent in construction of the website – >1000 hours) Anesthesiology – October 2001: (see the issue for full version) “Dr Bhavani Shankar Kodali, a well published expert on the subject of capnography, has created the Capnography website without sponsorship from any equipment or pharmaceutical company. Dr Bhavani Shankar Kodali’ has put forth great effort to produce the equivalent of a capnography textbook and made it freely available on the Internet. The site provides a complete review of end-tidal carbon dioxide monitoring during anesthesia and intensive care. In addition, this website provides animated graphics that are not possible to produce in a textbook and can greatly facilitate learning. Capnography.com is truly an “all-in-one” for the subject of capnography and a great teaching contribution.” British Journal of Anaesthesia – October 2001: (see the issue for full version) “This website, the work of Professor Shankar ……. There is lot of material on this site, and it is impossible to list all the good things…. Certainly it provides fun. It will be a learning resource for students- and I will be recommending it. It may become a forum for specialists, as its author hopes….” Journal of Neurosurgical Anesthesiology – October 2001: (see the issue for full version) “While not a book, a web-based site may also be used as a teaching tool….. developed by Dr Shankar, an assistant professor of anesthesiology from Harvard Medical School. The site uses extensive and colorful animations to explain the concepts…. I believe that a candidate for the oral board examinations might well find that 15 minutes spent at this site shortly before the interview proves invaluable. It is also an effective teaching tool for all residents and helpful for the clinician who wishes to better understand the disease process that generates an abnormal waveform.” Capnography.com website was presented as a technical exhibit at the ‘American Society of Anesthesiologists Annual Scientific meeting’ at New Orleans, USA – October 2001. In addition, several complimentary comments have been received from various sections of the medical community, manufacturing firms, and paramedical staff. Some of these comments have been coming from abroad. In addition, the website is also an invaluable tool in the preparation of reports for technology classes. One such example is the Graduate School at Northeastern University. Website statistics reveal that, on the average, 500 pages of this website are accessed on a daily basis. Over 66,000 viewers have already visited this website. Major search engines (such as Yahoo.com and Google.com) rank this website as number one in capnography among non-sponsored websites, based on its popularity and content. Many organizations have provided a link on their website to www.capnography.com in order to provide a source of information on capnography for their clients. Frequently, permission is sought from teachers and instructors in several fields to borrow material from this website for presenting in their conferences. Very often, individuals visiting the website from several countries often ask intriguing questions about Capnography, to which I respond in detail. Patient Education (www.painfreebirthing.com): Patient education is an important component of clinical anesthesia. With the technical experience acquired in the designing of capnography website, a website was designed and just completed to explain the details of pain free childbirth to pregnant women seeking childbirth options. This is the first site to use computer animation graphics to explain basic concepts to lay persons about pain free childbirth procedures so that the patients can make an educated decision regarding their childbirth. The patients can look at this site at their homes during their pregnancy, or can view the site even in the labor and delivery rooms if equipped with internet computers (such as at Brigham and Women’s). The chairman of the department of Obstetric and Gynecology and the director of public relations at Brigham and Women’s Hospital (BWH) recognized the importance of this endeavor to women’s health and education. They decided to adopt the website’s content into the pregnancy and childbirth section of the BWH website. They directed their web designers to create a platform for this purpose, which is now live at www.brighamandwomens.org/painfreebirthing. The importance of this patient educational endeavor also received its due recognition at a recently concluded meeting of the Society of Obstetric Anesthesia and Perinatology, where I was asked to demonstrate the website to the entire gathering. This website has also been selected for presentation as a technical exhibit at the 2002 Annual meeting of American Society of Anesthesiologists in October at Orlando. Over 24,000 viewers have already visited this website since its inception in March 2002. Society of Obstetric Anesthesia and Perinatology (SOAP) and Obstetric Anaesthetists Association of Great Britain have provided links on their website to the Painfreebirthing website for the benefit of their patients. This website was presented along with the capnography website at the Scientific Exhibition of Annual Postgraduate Assembly in Anesthesiology held in New York (December, 6th-10th, 2002) under the title “Education in the new millennium.” This exhibit won a “Special Award” at the meeting. Approximate hours spent in the preparation of this website – >400 hours). Current Research Projects: Projects completed and the data presented at conferences. Manuscripts are under preparation for possible publication. I am the first author of the following clinical studies: Principal Investigator: Airway changes in Labor Upper airway changes in labor using acoustic resonance reflectometry Intermittent versus continuous infusion of local analgesics during labor Cerebral oxygen saturation during cesarean delivery (primary investigator). Airway in pregnancy Effect of amniotic fluid on coagulation using Thromboelastography Co-investigator: Duration of the supine position after an epidural blood patch. Coagulation studies in patients receiving low dose warfarin thromboprophylaxis using Thromboelastography Effect of Invitro fertilization on coagulation as studied by Thromboelsatography Complementary and alternative medicine use in patients undergoing In-vitro Fertilization procedures. Funding: Manufacturers of medical equipment (Abbott, Inc, 1998-1999; Haemoscope, Inc, 1999-2000) supported the acquisition of equipment for clinical studies. Funding for laboratory investigations in clinical studies (1998-2000) was obtained from ‘Anesthesia Research fund’ of the department. Websites are fully self-supported. Research, programming, designing and implementation of websites were via personal web learning and multimedia programming efforts. C. Self Report of Teaching: Local Contributions (Brigham and Women’s Hospital): Hospital Courses and Teaching Presentations Grand Rounds: 1996 Capnography in Clinical PracticePreparation time: 5 hours; 100 attendees 1997 CapnographyPreparation time: 5 hours;100 attendees 1998 Clinical Conference on “Spinal after for failed epidural analgesia in Obstetrics”Preparation time: 2 hours;100 attendees 1998 Airway in pregnancy is as important to Obstetricians as to AnesthesiologistsPreparation time: 6 hours;50 attendees. 1998 12 sessions of high risk weekly Obstetric anesthesia rounds–February 98 to July 98. Preparation time: 2 hours for each;18 attendees 1998 – 70 clinical conferences / problem based learning sessions and lectures to Obstetric anesthesia residents and fellows at afternoon conferences. Preparation time: 2 hours; 20 attendees 1998 Capnography in clinical practicePreparation time: 5 hours;100 attendees 1999 Coagulation issues in ObstetricsPreparation time: 4 hours; 100 attendees 1999 CapnographyPreparation time: 4 hours; 100 attendees 2000 CapnographyPreparation time: 4 hours; 100 attendees 2001 Learning capnography via WebPreparation time: 8 hours;100 attendees 2002 Clinical Conference: Anesthesia outside operating roomTeaching via animated gif. Files.Preparation time: 12 hours; 100 attendees 2002 Clinical Conference: Air in the Epidural SpacePresentation using gif. Files.Preparation time: 20 hours;100 attendees 2002 Capnography: What one should knowPreparation time: 4 hours100 attendees Regional, National or International contributions: Invited Presentations 1987 Lecture: “Capnography” Department of Anesthesia, JIPMERPondicherry, India 1989 Lecture: “Arterial to End-tidal CO2 difference in pregnancy” Department of Anaesthesia, Mater Hospital, Dublin, Ireland 1992 Lecture: “Physiology and clinical applications of Capnography”Department of Anesthesia,Maricopa Medical Center,Phoenix, Arizona, USA 1992 Conference presentation: Monitoring a ventilated patient. Fourth Barbados Society of Anaesthetist Conference,Barbados, West Indies 1992 Consultant assignment to Government of St Lucia: A part of a two member team invited by the Government of St. Lucia to investigate bizarre cases of post-anaesthesia facial swelling in several patients. A systematic interview of anaesthesiologists, nurses and technicians was conducted in addition to examination of anaesthetic practice, sterilization of non-disposable equipment and anaesthesia machines. The problem was traced to airways and non-disposable endotracheal tubes. The airways were sterilized using cidex for 30 minutes, which was followed by inadequate water washing and soaking (approx. 10 min). The problem was easily rectified by thorough washing, rinsing, and soaking in water twice the duration of glutaraldehyde contact. 1997 Lecture: “Clinical overview of Desflurane and its economic viability for developing island nations” Invitation by Zeneca Pharmaceuticals and Department of Anaesthesia,Queen Elizabeth Hospital, University of West Indies,Barbados, West Indies. 1998 Lecture: “Capnography in Clinical Practice”University of Medical and Dental School, New Jersey 1999 Lecture: “Monitoring coagulation disorders using thromboelastography” Anesthesiologists of Bombay, India 1999 Lecture: “Thromboelastography in Pregnancy”Addressed to Obstetricians of Bombay, Oberoi Towers, Bombay, India. 1999 Lecture: “Monitoring coagulation disorders using thromboelastography” Anesthesiology and Cardiac surgery of Grant Hospital, Bombay, India 2000 Lecture: “Capnography. What one should know” UTMB, Galveston, Texas 2000 Lecture: “How to make your epidurals work”Regional Anesthesia Update,Royal Sonesta Hotel,Cambridge, Boston, MAPreparation time: 4 hours; 100 attendees 2001 Lecture: “Capnography. Web based lecture using animations”.Department of AnesthesiologyJIPMER, Pondicherry, India. 2001 Lecture: “Understanding Capnography via web”Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA Preparation time: 6 hours; 90 attendees. 2001 Lecture: “Capnography in Clinical Practice”University of Medical and Dental School,New Jersey 2002 Demonstration of the patient educational website on www.painfreebirthing.com 34th Annual meeting of Society of Anesthesiologists and Perinatalogy Conference, Hilton Head, South Carolina, USA. 2002 Grand rounds lecture: “Capnography: What one should know” Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MAPreparation time: 8 hours140 Attendees. 2002 (December 27-30) Invited guest faculty. Indian Society of Anesthesiologists, Coimbatore, India Lectures: “Capnography in laparoscopic surgery”“Anesthesia for laparoscopic surgery during pregnancy”Preparation time: 14 hoursOver 600 Attendees. 2003 (February 27) Grand rounds lecture: “Capnography”. Grand rounds lecture:”Anesthesia for laparoscopic surgery in pregnancy”Duke University Anesthesiology departmentNorth Carolina. 2003 (March 7-9) Texas Anesthesia Society Conference.Predicting Difficult Airway in Obstetrical Patient.The Role of Capnography in the Recognition and Management of Esophageal IntubationEducating Parturients About Their Anesthetic Options. 2003 (scheduled) ASA Panel case discussion. Self Report of Teaching: Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston MA I take enormous interest in teaching and training residents. Periodically, I am the main speaker of grand rounds on the subject of my interest. I have organized several clinical conferences in the obstetric anesthesia sub-specialty on a regular basis for residents and fellows. I also introduced a new teaching technique to covey messages across to audiences in clinical conferences via computer based animated .gif files. Animated graphics are powerful teaching tools, which unequivocally attract the attention of the audiences. I seize every opportunity to teach residents on capnography via animated website. A considerable portion of my time is spent in updating the websites on a regular basis. Research Supervision of Fellows and Residents I supervise clinical fellows and clinical anesthesia (3rd year) residents to undertake clinical projects and guide them through manuscript preparation as senior author. The results of these projects have been presented at National conferences such as American Society of Anesthesiologists and Society of Obstetric Anesthesia and Perinatology. Some of the abstracts are published in journals and others in preparation for submission to journals. India: 1981-1982 Senior Registrar, JIPMER, Pondicherry, India. Senior Registrar is a teaching position at JIPMER. I participated in 6 seminars and several case conferences in addition to day to day teaching activities to 15 residents of the department. Barbados: 1986-1993 Associate Lecturer at the University of West Indies, Barbados. The anesthesia department of QEH provides training for undergraduate and postgraduate students of University of West Indies. The postgraduate training in Anesthesia consists of a three year DM program. In addition to postgraduate clinical training, I was also involved in didactic teaching and conducting weekly clinical conferences. Part III: Bibliography ORIGINAL ARTICLES: Bhavani Shankar K, Moseley HSL, Gopwani H, Clarke V, Sivarajan S and Ishmael R. Halothane and topical cocaine/epinephrine: Is it safe in nasal surgery? Asian Archives of Anaesthesiology and Resuscitation. 1986;23:2:281-6. Moseley HSL, Bhavani Shankar K and Krishnan A. Flow requirements for Bain breathing circuit during anaesthesia for Caesarean section. Can Anaes Soc J 1986;33:5:583-7. Shankar KB, Moseley H, Kumar Y and Vemula V. Arterial to end-tidal carbon dioxide tension difference during Caesarean section anaesthesia. Anaesthesia 1986;41:698-702. Bhavani Shankar K, Moseley H, Kumar Y and Vemula V. Physiological dead space during general anaesthesia for Caesarean section. Canadian J Anaesth 1987;34:4:373-6. Bhavani Shankar K, Moseley H, Kumar Y, Vemula V and Krishnan A. Arterial to end-tidal carbon dioxide tension difference during anaesthesia for tubal ligations. Anaesthesia 1987;42:482-6. Moseley H, Kumar AY, Bhavani Shankar K, Rao PS and Homi J. Should air-oxygen replace nitrous oxide-oxygen in general anaesthesia. Anaesthesia 1987;42(6):609-12. Shankar KB, Moseley H. Evaluation of induction properties of Diprivan (Propofol). Indian J Anaesth 1988:36;5:248-54. Moseley H, Shankar KB, Kumar Y, Hallsworth R, Krishnan A. Propofol: a new intravenous anesthetic. West Indian Med J 1988;37(3):229-31. Shankar KB, Moseley H, Vemula V, Ramasamy M and Kumar Y. Arterial to end-tidal carbon dioxide tension difference during anaesthesia in early pregnancy. Canadian J Anaesth 1989;36(2):124-7. Bhavani Shankar K, Steinbrook RA, Mushlin PS, Freiberger D. Transcutaneous PCO2 monitoring during laparoscopic cholecystectomy in pregnancy. Canadian J Anaesth 1998;45(2):164-9. Bhavani Shankar K, Russell R, Aklog L, Mushlin PS. Dual capnography facilitates detection of a critical perfusion defect in an individual lung. Anesthesiology 1999;90(1):302-4. Bhavani Shankar K, Philips JH. Defining Segments and Phases of a Time Capnogram. Anesthesia Analgesia 2000;91(4):973-7. Bhavani Shankar K, Steinbrook R, Brooks DC, Datta S. Arterial to end-tidal carbon dioxide pressure difference during laparoscopic surgery in pregnancy. Anesthesiology 2000;93(2):370-3. Harnett MJ, Datta S, Bhavani-Shankar K. The effect of Magnesium on coagulation in parturients with preeclampsia. Anesthesia and Analgesia 2001;92(5):1257-60. Steinbrook RA, Bhavani-Shankar K. Hemodynamics during laparoscopic surgery in pregnancy. Anesthesia Analgesia 2001;93(6):1570-1. Hepner D, Concepcion M, Bhavani-Shankar K. Thromboelastography in patients receiving warfarin prophylaxis and epidural analgesia. J Clinical Anesthesia 2002;14(6):405-10. Harnett MP, Bhavani-Shankar K, Datta S, Tsen LC. In-vitro fertilization induced alterations in coagulation and fibrinolysis as measured by thromboelastography. Anesthesia and Analgesia 2002;95:1063-66. Review articles/Book chapters/Invited papers: Bhavani Shankar K, Moseley H, Kumar Y. A Review of arterial to end-tidal carbon dioxide tensions difference during anaesthesia in pregnancy. Indian J Anaesth 1988:2. Bhavani Shankar K, Moseley H, Kumar Y. End-tidal carbon dioxide monitoring and its clinical applications. Asian Archives of Anaesthesiology and Resuscitation 1990;32:41-54. Bhavani Shankar K, Moseley H, Kumar Y. Capnography and its usefulness in the operating room. Journal de la SMAAR 1991;2:2-3. Bhavani Shankar K, Moseley H, Kumar Y and Delph Y. Capnometry and anesthesia. A Review Article. Canadian J Anaesth 1992;39:617-32. Moseley H, Bhavani Shankar K, Kumar AY. Anaesthesia without nitrous oxide. Postgraduate Doctor 1992;8(5):168-72. Bhavani Shankar K, Kumar AY, Moseley H, Hallsworth R. Terminology and the current limitations of time capnography. A brief review. Journal Clin Monit 1995;11(3):175-182 Bhavani Shankar K, Moseley H, Mushlin PS, Hallsworth R, Fakoory M, Walrond ER. Anesthesia in Barbados. Canadian J Anesth 1997;44:559-68. Bhavani Shankar K, Steinbrook RA. Anesthetic considerations for minimally invasive surgery. In: Brooks DC, editor. Current Review of Minimally Invasive Surgery, Third edition. 1999. Current Medicine, Inc. Philadelphia: 28-40. Bhavani Shankar K. Anesthesia for cesarean section. In Problems in Anesthesia. Ed: Bader A, Datta S. 1999;11:3:333-43. Shay DC, Bhavani-Shankar K, Datta S. Laparoscopic surgery during pregnancy. Anesthesiol Clin North America 2001 Mar;19(1):57-67. Srinivasa V, Gilbertson LI, Bhavani-Shankar K. Thromboelastography: where is it and where is it heading? Int Anesthesiol Clin 2001;39(1):35-49. Farraghar R, Bhavani Shankar K. Obstetric Anesthesia. In: Wylie and Churchil Davidson: Text Book of Anesthesia. United Kingdom: Accepted for publication (2002). Bhavani Shankar K, Lee-Paritz A. Anesthesia for pregnant obese parturients. In: Anesthesia for High Risk Pregnancy. Editor: Datta S. Accepted for publication (2002). Case reports/Clinical communications: Moseley HSL, Shankar KB and Krishnan A. A method of producing normocarbia during general anaesthesia for Caesarean section. Anaesthesia 1985;40:814 (C). Shankar KB, Palkar NV, Nishkala R. Paraplegia following epidural potassium chloride. Anaesthesia 1985;40:45-7. Bhavani Shankar K, Moseley H, Kumar Y, Vemula V and Krishnan A. Arterial to end-tidal carbon dioxide tension difference. Anaesthesia 1987;42:1338-9(c). Bhavani Shankar K, Moseley H, Kumar Y and Vemula V. Arterial to endtidal carbon dioxide difference. Anaesthesia 1987;42:211-2. Bhavani Shankar K, Moseley H, Kumar Y and Ramasamy M. Bain anesthetic system, gender and obesity index. Anaesthesia 1987;42:444. Moseley H, Kumar AY, Bhavani Shankar K, Rao PS. Air-oxygen mixtures. Anaesthesia 1987;42:1336-7. Shankar KB. Deviations from international standards. Anaesthesia 1987;42:444 (C). Bhavani Shankar K. High frequency jet ventilation and (a-E)PCO2 difference. Anaesthesia 1987;42:1124-5 (c). Moseley H, Kumar AY, Bhavani Shankar K, Rao PS. Air-oxygen mixtures. Anaesthesia 1988;43:160-1(C). Moseley H, Kumar AY, Bhavani Shankar K, Rao PS and Homi J. Should air/oxygen replace nitrous oxide/oxygen in general anaesthesia. An abstract with comments from the editor. Survey of Anesthesia 1988;32:2:97. Bhavani Shankar K, Moseley H, Sam MacCoskie and Kumar Y. Continuous flow ventilators in the ICU. British J Anaesth 1988;60(1):117-8. Shankar KB, Moseley H, MacCoskie S, Kumar Y. IMV and work of breathing. British J Anaesth 1988;60:480. Shankar KB, Moseley H, Hassell TA and Sivarajan S. Hypersensitive Carotid sinus. Anaesthesia 1988;43 (1):61. Bhavani Shankar K, Moseley H, Kumar A. Prolonged bradycardia and hypotension after neostigmine administration in a patient receiving atenolol. Anaesthesia 1988;43:797-8 (c). Bhavani Shankar K, Moseley H, Kumar Y. Intranasal cocaine/adrenaline during halothane anaesthesia. Anaesthesia 1989;44(6):521. Shankar KB. Ethics of intubation. Anaesthesia 1989;44:176. Bhavani Shankar K, Moseley H, Kumar Y. Portable monitoring devices. Anaesthesia 1990;45(3):257. Shankar KB, Moseley H, Kumar AY. Relationship between PaCO2-PETCO2 gradient and physiological dead space. Can J Anaesth 1991;38(8):1072-4. Shankar KB, Moseley H, Kumar AY. Negative arterial to end-tidal gradients. Canadian J Anaesth 1991;38(2):260-1. Shankar KB, Moseley H, Kumar Y. Oxygen cylinders on anaesthesia machines. Br J Anaesth 1991;66(5):628. Bhavani Shankar K, Moseley H, Kumar Y. Cocaine, intranasal, during otolaryngologic surgery. Survey of Anesthesiology 1991;35:114-5. Kumar AY, Bhavani Shankar K, Moseley HS, Delph Y. Inspiratory valve malfunction in a circle system: pitfalls in capnography. Canadian J Anaesth 1992;39(9):997-9. Shankar KB, Moseley H, Kumar AY. Ventilatory effects of laparoscopy under general anaesthesia. Br J Anaesthesia 1992;69(5):542-3. Shankar KB, Moseley H, Kumar AY. Dual end-tidal CO2 monitoring and double-lumen tubes. Can J Anaesth 1992;39(1):100 (C). Kumar AY, Shankar KB, Moseley HSL. Capnography does not reliably detect double-lumen endotracheal tube misplacement. J Clin Monit 1993;9:207-8. Bhavani Shankar K. Negative arterial to end-tidal CO2 gradients in children. Canadian J Anaesth 1994;41(11):1125-6. Bhavani Shankar K, Hart N, Mushlin PS. Negative pressure induced airway and pulmonary injury. Canadian J Anaesth 1997;44(1):78-81. Bhavani Shankar K, Kannan S. Prevention of occlusion of sampling tubes in side-stream capnographs. Can J Anaesth 1997:44(4):453. Bhavani Shankar K, Mushlin PS. Arterial to end-tidal gradients in pregnant subjects. Anesthesiology 1997;87:1596-8. Bhavani Shankar K, Camann WR. The practice of using sevoflurane inhalation induction for emergency cesarean section and a parturient with no intravenous access. Anesthesiology 1998;88:275-6. Bhavani Shankar K. Salivary gland enlargement caused by chemical agents. Anesthesia and Analgesia 1999; 89(3):804. Kaynar AM, Shankar KB. Epidural infusion: Continuous or bolus? Anesthesia and Analgesia 1999;89(2):534. Kaynar AM, Bhavani Shankar K, Mushlin PS. Lingual hematoma as a potential cause of upper airway obstruction. Anesthesia Analgesia 1999;89(6):1573-5. Harnett MJ, Miller AD, Hurley RJ, Bhavani-Shankar K. Pregnancy, labour and delivery in a Jehovah’s Witness with esophageal varices and thrombocytopenia. Can J Anaesth 2000 Dec;47(12):1253-5. Bhavani-Shankar K, Lynch EP, Datta S. Airway changes during Cesarean hysterectomy. Canadian J Anaesth 2000;47(4):338-41. Russell R, Bhavani Shankar K, Mushlin P. Another application of dual-lung capnography. Anesthesiology 2000; 92(1):288-9. Kodali, BS. www.capnography.com. J Cardiothorac Vasc Anesth. 2001;15(6):806-7. Kodali BS. www.capnography.com. An animated website. Anesth Analg. 2001;93(5):1364. Shankar KB, Posner M. A normal capnogram despite esophageal intubation. Canadian J Anaesth 2002;49(4)439. Mushlin PS, Kodali BS. Learning capnography on the World Wide Web: an educational resource for the new millennium. Acta Anaesthesiogica Scandinavica. 2002;46(3):341. Bhavani Shankar K. Business cards and Anesthetic Practice. Anesthesia and Analgesia. 2002;95(1):257-8. Abstracts: Bhavani Shankar Bhavani Shankar K, Krishna S, Moseley H. Airway changes in pregnancy. Anesthesiology 1997; 87 suppl A895. Bhavani Shankar K, Bulich L, Datta S, Kral M. Airway changes in labor. Anesthesiology 1998;April SOAP suppl. Bhavani Shankar K, Wu Y, Tsen LC, Osathanondh R, Datta S. Thromboelastography in Pregnancy. Anesthesiology 1999;April SOAP suppl A67. Bhavani Shankar K, Malov S, Kannan S, Hurley R, Datta S. Efficacy of intermittent epidural flow for labor analgesia (A bupivacaine fountain in the epidural space). Anesthesiology 1999;April SOAP suppl A68. Wu Y, Bhavani Shankar K, Datta S. Hetastarch compromises blood coagulation at term pregnancy by inhibiting platelet as well as coagulation factor activity. Anesthesiology 1999;April SOAP suppl A90. Harnett MJP, Bhavani-Shankar K, Datta S. Thromboelastography in parturients receiving magnesium. Anesthesiology 2000;SOAP suppl A52. Bhavani Shankar K, Steinbrook R, Brooks DC, Datta S. Laparoscopic surgery in pregnancy – Is Invasive monitoring essential? Anesthesiology 2000;SOAP suppl A66. Amosu O, Bhavani Shankar K. Cerebral oxygenation during cesarean section. Anesthesiology 2000;SOAP suppl A85. Nelson P, Tsen LC, Bader AM, Bhavani-Shankar K(Kodali), Datta S, Segal S. Can epidural saline promote recovery from spinal anesthesia? Anesthesiology 2000;SOAP suppl A87. Harnett M, Tsen L, Datta S, Bhavani-Shankar K. In vitro fertilization induced changes in coagulation using thromboelastography. Anesthesiology 2000; ASA (September) suppl 1077. Bhavani-Shankar K, Bulich L, Kafiluddi R, Kral M, Datta S. Does labor and delivery induce airway changes? Anesthesiology 2000;ASA (September) suppl A1072. Bhavani-Shankar K, Malov S, Hurley R, Datta S. Do rapidly administered intermittent epidural boluses provide better labor analgesia? Anesthesiology 2000;ASA (September) suppl A1071. Harnett M, S. Datta, K. Bhavani-Shankar. How does amniotic fluid affect coagulation? Anesthesiology 2001; SOAP suppl A45. Bhavani-Shankar K, W. Camann. General anesthesia for cesarean delivery. The status of current resident training and experience. Anesthesiology 2001; SOAP suppl A31. Bhavani Shankar K, Sobhana, Topulos G. Airway evaluation during labor using acoustic reflectometry. Anesthesiology 2001; ASA (October) suppl A1035 Hepner, DL, Bhavani-Shankar Kodali. Camann W, Harnett M, Segal S, Tsen LC. Supine position duration following an epidural blood patch. Anesthesiology 2002; SOAP suppl P103. Bhavani-Shankar Kodali, Camann W. Combined obstetric and anesthesia journal club series: A forum for collaboration. Anesthesiology 2002; SOAP suppl P12. Bhavani-Shankar Kodali. How do we educate our patients about obstetric Anesthesia? (Animated Website: – www.painfreebirthing). Anesthesiology 2002; SOAP suppl P8. Educational Material: Websites: www.Capnography.com Preparation time: >1000 hours A website on capnography has been designed, produced and maintained with no sponsorship to provide a complete review on end-tidal carbon dioxide monitoring during anesthesia and intensive care. This site uses several animations designed to explain underlying physical and physiological concepts of capnography in addition to highlighting clinical applications. This is an “All-In-One” on capnography. This capnography website has been reviewed by independent reviewers in “Anesthesiology (October 2001), British Journal of Anesthesia (October 2001) and Journal of Neurosurgical anesthesiology (October 2001). It has been summarized as a great teaching contribution on capnography and being more advantageous than a text book. Web based patient education: www.painfreebirthing.com Preparation time: > 400 hours Designed, programmed, and produced a website for pregnant women on pain free child birth options. This is the first site to use computer animation graphics to explain concepts of pain free child birth. The patients can access the information at home or in the labor and delivery suites equipped with computer Internet access such as ours. This patient educational website was demonstrated at a recently concluded Society of Obstetric Anesthesia and Perinatology. Anesthesia video Film for Govt. Of Barbados: Participated in a short video film on “Educating the public regarding Anesthesia”, produced by Government Information Service of Barbados, 1992. MD Thesis for Anesthesiology: Oxygen saturation of hemoglobin after general anesthesia using IPPR. A dissertation submitted to the University of Madras, 1981, in partial fulfillment for the degree of MD. Multi-Media Presentation in Capnography: Comprehensive review on Capnography produced in computer software: Madison- Avenue and Harvard Graphics: This is probably the first review on capnography in multimedia presentation format. Scientific exhibition: Internet and World Wide Web – A teaching tool of anesthesia education for this new millennium (www.capnography.com ). Presented at American Society of Anesthesiologists Annual Conference at NewOrleans, October 2001. How do we educate our patients? www.painfreebirthing.com – Presented at American Society of Anesthesiologists Annual Conference at Orlando, October 2002. Education in the New Millennium. Invited to present both websites at 56th Postgraduate Assembly in Anesthesiology at New York City in December 2002 as examples of educational tools of the new millennium. Subject of interest and expertise: Capnography: Published original papers, clinical communications and invited papers/review articles on capnography. Designed and produced a website on capnography, which has been reviewed in Anesthesiology and British Journal of Anaesthesia. Presently serving as a consultant reviewer/guest reviewer for capnography related articles for ‘Anesthesiology’, ‘Anesthesia Analgesia’ and European Journal of Anaesthesiology. CONFERENCE PRESENTATIONS: Bhavani Shankar K, Moseley H, Kumar AY, Vemula V. Arterial to end-tidal CO2 difference during general anaesthesia for tubal ligation. First Caribbean Anesthetists Conference – Barbados, 1986. Moseley H, Bhavani Shankar K, Vemula V, Srikanthan K. Halothane and topical cocaine/epinephrine: Is it safe in nasal surgery?. First Caribbean Anesthetists Conference – Barbados, 1986. Moseley H, Bhavani Shankar K, Gibson E, Procope N. Compensation for stress in marathon runners. First Caribbean Anesthetists Conference – Barbados, 1986. Moseley H, Kumar AY, Bhavani Shankar K, Rao PS. Can compressed air/oxygen replace N2O/oxygen in general anaesthesia. First Caribbean Anesthetists Conference – Barbados, 1986. Bhavani Shankar K. A review of arterial to end-tidal carbon dioxide tension difference during pregnancy. Second Caribbean Anesthetists Conference – Barbados, 1987. Moseley H, Bhavani Shankar K, Kumar Y, Hallsworth R. Multicenter drug trial of “Diprivan”, a new intravenous induction agent by ICI limited, UK. Second Caribbean Anesthetists Conference – Barbados, 1987. Bhavani Shankar K, Moseley H, Kumar AY. Assessment of Bain circuit in obese patients. Second Caribbean Anesthetists Conference – Barbados, 1987. Bhavani Shankar K. Carotid sinus hypersensitivity. A case report. Second Caribbean Anesthetists Conference – Barbados, 1987. Wahyd A, Moseley H, Bhavani Shankar K, Ramasamy M. Low dose ketamine for dilatation and curettage. Second Caribbean Anesthetists Conference – Barbados, 1987. Ali S, Bhavani Shankar K, Moseley H. Changes in serum potassium following Diprivan and succinylcholine. Third Caribbean Anesthetists Conference – Barbados, 1988. Bhavani Shankar K. Anesthesia Budget. Expenditure involved in staffing anesthesia department at Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Barbados. Third Caribbean Anesthetists Conference – Barbados, 1988. Bhavani Shankar K, Moseley H, Kumar AY. End-tidal carbon dioxide estimations in pregnancy. 39th Indian Society of Anaesthetists Conference, 1990. Kumar AY, Bhavani Shankar K, Moseley H. The computerized auditing of disposable anaesthetic equipment and anaesthetic drugs. Deuxieme Journees Internationales d’anesthesie-reanimation. Conference held in Martinique, 1992. Bhavani Shankar K. Monitoring a ventilated patient. Fourth Barbados Societyey of Anaesthetists Conference, 1993. Kumar AY, Bhavani Shankar K, Moseley H. Cost evaluation for use of Isoflurane in low flow circuit with air and oxygen. Fourth Barbados Society of Anaesthetists Conference, 1993. Moseley H, Bhavani Shankar K, Moseley H, Kumar AY, Kannan S. Total Intravenous anaesthesia for day care surgery using propofol and diclofenac. Fourth Barbados Society of Anaesthetists Conference, 1993. Kannan S, Bhavani Shankar K, Moseley H, Kumar AY. Fibreoptic bronchoscopy in management of difficult airway. Fourth Barbados Society of Anaesthetists Conference, 1993. Bhavani Shankar K, Camann W. General anesthesia for cesarean delivery. The status of current resident training and experience. Society of Obstetric Anesthesia and Perinatology. (SOAP), San Diego, 2001.Read More

Director, Division of Urogynecology Brigham and Women’s Hospital Assistant Professor Harvard Medical School Boston, Massachusetts, USA nkohli@partners.org Dr. Kohli is a nationally recognized leader in the field of Urogynecology and Reconstructive Pelvic Surgery, specializing in the treatment of pelvic prolapse, urinary incontinence, and advanced pelvic surgery. He has authored more than 100 scientific articles, book chapters, research abstracts, clinical presentations, and multimedia educational tools. Since relocating to Boston, he was previously the Co-Director of the Division of Urogynecology and Reconstructive Pelvic Surgery at Mount Auburn Hospital, Director of the Fellowship in Urogynecology, and Director of Urogynecology at Tifts New England Medical Center in Boston. He is currently Chief of Urogynecology at the Brigham and Women’s Hospital in Boston. Dr. Kohli received his undergraduate degree in medical sciences/economics in 1987 and then his medical degree 1991 through the Combined BA/MD Six Year Medical Program at Boston University School of Medicine. After completing his academic work, Dr Kohli entered the Ob/Gyn residency program at Beth Israel Hospital, Boston, and graduated with a special interest in pelvic surgery. He then entered the highly regarded fellowship in Urogynecology and Reconstructive Pelvic Surgery at Good Samaritan Hospital, Cincinnati, Ohio under the training of Dr. Mickey Karram, previous president of the American Urogynecologic Society. After completing his fellowship, he stayed on in Cincinnati as the Associate Director of the Division and Fellowship program, concentrating on teaching, research, and clinical practice. He returned back to Boston at Beth Israel Hospital/Mount Auburn Hospital in July 1999. During his initial return to Boston, he completed the Executive MBA program at Northwestern’s Kellogg School of Management in Chicago, Illinois, graduating with honors in 2002. Dr. Kohli’s current interest include minimally invasive pelvic surgery and advanced technologies for the treatment of prolapse. incontinence, and pelvic pain. His many research interests include cost-efficacy of minimally invasive surgical techniques, obstetric risk factors for pelvic floor dysfunction, and clinical application of urodynamic testing. He is actively involved in teaching of medical students, residents, and fellows within the Harvard Medical School system and physician colleagues nationwide. He is currently a scientific advisor for Boston Scientific, Johnson and Johnson, CR Bard, as well as several small startup medical technology companies.Read More

Chief of Obstetrics and Gynecology Brigham and Women’s Hospital Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, ASB1-3, Boston, Massachusetts (USA) Robert L. Barbieri, M.D. graduated from Yale College (1973) and Harvard Medical School (1977). He is certified in Internal Medicine (1982), Endocrinology and Metabolism (1983), Obstetrics and Gynecology (1987) and Reproductive Endocrinology and Infertility (1988). Currently he is Chairman of Obstetrics and Gynecology at the Brigham and Women’s Hospital and the Kate Macy Ladd Professor of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Biology at Harvard Medical School. Dr Barbieri is the program director for the integrated Brigham and Women’s Hospital-Massachusetts General Hospital obstetrics and gynecology residency training program. Dr. Barbieri is the past President of the Association of Professors of Gynecology and Obstetrics (APGO), and the past President of the APGO Medical Education Foundation. He has served on the Board of Directors of the American Society of Reproductive Medicine and as the Chairperson of the National Institutes of Health, Reproductive Biology Study Section. Dr. Barbieri is a contributing author to over 300 medical publications. He is an editor of 4 textbooks in reproductive endocrinology and gynecology: UpToDate in Obstetrics, Gynecology and Women’s Health, Kistner’s Gynecology and Women’s Health, Yen and Jaffe’s Reproductive Endocrinology and Scientific American Medicine: Gynecology in Primary Care. He is a co-author of 6 Steps to Increased Fertility, a Harvard Medical School book, published by Simon and Schuster. His current research interests include issues related to infertility, including the treatment of PCOS and the identification of predictors of successful IVF treatment.Read More

Chairman, Maimonides Medical center Distinguished Professor, SUNY Health Center Dept. of Obstetrics and Gynecology Brooklyn, NY (USA) Dr. Minkoff is a nationally recognized leader in the field of Maternal and Fetal Medicine, specializing in the field of high-risk pregnancies. His work and research in HIV and sexually transmitted diseases is known nationally and internationally both. He has authored more than 200 scientific articles, book chapters, research abstracts, clinical presentations, and multimedia educational tool. He is currently chairman of the department of obstetrics and gynecology at Maimonides Medical Center in Brooklyn, NY, since 1997. In 1992 he had received distinguished service professor award from SUNY HSCB. Other noteworthy awards were given for his work and research is, Assistant Secretary of Health Awards in 1991 and Phi Beta Kappa. Dr. Minkoff received his medical degree for Pennsylvania State Medical School in 1975. After his residency he then entered the highly regarded fellowship in Maternal and Fetal Medicine at SUNY HSCB KCHC in Brooklyn, New York. He is the editorial consultant for 20 journals and Chairs a study section on HIV for the National Institute of Health (NIH). He is also involved in the development of programs for Doctors of the World. Dr. Minkoff’s current interests include research and teaching on prevention of Mother-to-Child HIV transmission, high- risk pregnancies, development and strategy planning of the projects and programs to improve maternal health at local, national and international level.Read More

Professor of Ob/Gyn, University of Texas Director of Graduate Medical Education, Christus Health St. Joseph Hospital 2600 N. Loop West Houston, TX. 77092 USA Tel: 713-683-2040 Fax: 713-683-2072 E-mail: BXBaker@christushealth.orgRead More

Assistant Clinical Prof. Of Ob/Gyn, University of Texas Academic Chief & Program Director, Christus Health St. Joseph Hospital 1819 Crawford Street, Suite 1708 Houston, TX. 77002 USA Tel: 713-757-7478 Fax: 713-657-7191 E-mail: Eugene.Toy@stjoe.sch.orgRead More